Group: Hardware/Certifications/Respect Your Freedom/Criteria
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− | + | This is a development version of our hardware endorsement criteria. Please make suggestions on the discussion page. The official stable version lives [http://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement/criteria on the FSF's site]. | |
− | + | ||
+ | = Policy on Computer Product Endorsements = | ||
+ | == Respects Your Freedom == | ||
+ | |||
+ | This policy document seeks to cover criteria for all aspects of user interaction with and control of a device: the hardware must run free software on every layer that is user upgradeable, allow the user to modify that software, support free data formats, be fully usable with free tools, and more. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The FSF welcomes feedback on the discussion page for this document, including suggestions for improvements to the criteria, as well as ideas and art submissions for an endorsement mark. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you haven't already, please read the press release introducing this document at <http://www.fsf.org/news/endorsement-criteria>. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Conditions for endorsement == | ||
These are the policy criteria for the FSF to endorse a product for its Certification Mark | These are the policy criteria for the FSF to endorse a product for its Certification Mark | ||
License Agreement. FSF asserts its right to exercise full control over the use of the | License Agreement. FSF asserts its right to exercise full control over the use of the | ||
Certification Mark in commerce in accordance to the criteria laid out in this policy | Certification Mark in commerce in accordance to the criteria laid out in this policy | ||
− | document. | + | document. Please read our Press Release <http://www.fsf.org/news/endorsement-criteria>. |
− | + | === Always 100% free software === | |
− | Our endorsement is strictly conditioned on the | + | |
− | ensure that all product software will always be | + | Our endorsement is strictly conditioned on the seller's discharge of its commitment to |
+ | ensure that all product software will always be free software. This applies to all software | ||
that the seller includes in the product, or provides with the product, or recommends for | that the seller includes in the product, or provides with the product, or recommends for | ||
use in conjunction with the product, or steers users towards installation in the product, | use in conjunction with the product, or steers users towards installation in the product, | ||
except for certain microcode and firmware. | except for certain microcode and firmware. | ||
− | The exception applies to auxiliary processors or low level processors, none of whose | + | The exception applies to auxiliary processors or low-level processors, none of whose |
software is meant to be installed or changed by the user or by the seller. This can include, | software is meant to be installed or changed by the user or by the seller. This can include, | ||
for instance, microcode inside a processor, firmware built into an I/O device, or code | for instance, microcode inside a processor, firmware built into an I/O device, or code | ||
− | compiled into an FPGA. The software in such auxiliary and | + | compiled into an [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array FPGA]. The software in such auxiliary and low-level processors does not |
count as product software. | count as product software. | ||
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endorsement. | endorsement. | ||
− | By way of explanation, a general | + | By way of explanation, a general-purpose facility for installing other programs, with |
which the choice of programs to install comes directly from the user, is not considered to | which the choice of programs to install comes directly from the user, is not considered to | ||
steer users toward anything in particular. However, if the facility typically suggests | steer users toward anything in particular. However, if the facility typically suggests | ||
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All software, barring exceptions previously noted, must be licensed under an FSF | All software, barring exceptions previously noted, must be licensed under an FSF | ||
recognized free software license. We maintain a license list | recognized free software license. We maintain a license list | ||
− | <http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/ that classifies common free and nonfree | + | <http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/> that classifies common free and nonfree |
software licenses. It is not complete; if you are interested in an endorsement, we would | software licenses. It is not complete; if you are interested in an endorsement, we would | ||
be happy to review the licenses of your product software and advise you on whether or | be happy to review the licenses of your product software and advise you on whether or | ||
not they are free software licenses. | not they are free software licenses. | ||
− | + | === User installation of modified software === | |
The seller must give the user, along with the product software source code, the practical | The seller must give the user, along with the product software source code, the practical | ||
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device. This means the product must have the requisite facilities to install software in the | device. This means the product must have the requisite facilities to install software in the | ||
processors that run free software, and include adequate and sufficient documentation on | processors that run free software, and include adequate and sufficient documentation on | ||
− | how to use them. | + | how to use them. |
+ | |||
+ | '''edit:''' Just to be specific, this should require that the manufacturer not cripple the ability of the user to modify memory locations on the device. Specifically, the use of e-fuses for locking (really permanently damaging) jtag circuits, or purposely disabling write abilities on flash / eeprom memory. | ||
− | + | === Compilation === | |
In addition to being free, all the product software must be buildable using 100% free | In addition to being free, all the product software must be buildable using 100% free | ||
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replace everything on the programmable levels, using only readily available free | replace everything on the programmable levels, using only readily available free | ||
software. The product must say (briefly) where to get the necessary build software. If | software. The product must say (briefly) where to get the necessary build software. If | ||
− | some of this build software is included in an | + | some of this build software is included in an FSF-endorsed 100%-free GNU/Linux distro |
(see our list <http://www.gnu.org/links/#FreeGNULinuxDistributions>), giving the name | (see our list <http://www.gnu.org/links/#FreeGNULinuxDistributions>), giving the name | ||
and URL of that distro suffices for the build software included in it. | and URL of that distro suffices for the build software included in it. | ||
− | + | === Connection to non-free software products === | |
All the software needed for the user to fully use and administer the product, and to get | All the software needed for the user to fully use and administer the product, and to get | ||
full use of all its features, must be free. | full use of all its features, must be free. | ||
− | + | === Software for building, installation and maintenance === | |
The programs needed to build, install and manage the product software must be released | The programs needed to build, install and manage the product software must be released | ||
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they cannot, they should be able to run on most modern GNU/Linux systems. | they cannot, they should be able to run on most modern GNU/Linux systems. | ||
− | + | === No spying === | |
The product must not transmit or make available to anyone other than the owner any | The product must not transmit or make available to anyone other than the owner any | ||
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warning plus a URL for where to obtain more information. | warning plus a URL for where to obtain more information. | ||
− | + | === Confusion with other products === | |
To prevent confusion among customers about exactly what product has been endorsed, | To prevent confusion among customers about exactly what product has been endorsed, | ||
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packaging must also not be similar. | packaging must also not be similar. | ||
− | + | === Formats === | |
Encumbered formats are those whose implementation is impeded by patents, interface | Encumbered formats are those whose implementation is impeded by patents, interface | ||
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The device may support formats that are hampered by Digital Restrictions Management | The device may support formats that are hampered by Digital Restrictions Management | ||
− | (DRM), but it can only use free software to do so. | + | (DRM), but it can only use free software to do so. This means that users will be able to change that software and thus eliminate the restrictions. |
− | + | === Patents === | |
Any software patents the seller owns, that cover any aspect of the product software or its | Any software patents the seller owns, that cover any aspect of the product software or its | ||
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software. | software. | ||
− | + | === Documentation === | |
Generally useful technical documentation about the product, such as user or developer | Generally useful technical documentation about the product, such as user or developer | ||
manuals, must be released under a free license. | manuals, must be released under a free license. | ||
− | + | === Incompatible endorsements === | |
− | Any | + | Any product-related materials that mention the FSF endorsement must not also carry |
endorsements or badges related to proprietary software, such as "Works with Windows" | endorsements or badges related to proprietary software, such as "Works with Windows" | ||
or "Made for Mac" badges, because these would give an appearance of legitimacy to | or "Made for Mac" badges, because these would give an appearance of legitimacy to | ||
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specific proprietary operating systems. | specific proprietary operating systems. | ||
− | + | === Cooperation with FSF and GNU public relations === | |
The seller must use FSF approved terminology for the FSF's activities and work, in all | The seller must use FSF approved terminology for the FSF's activities and work, in all | ||
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manuals, web pages, marketing materials, and interviews about the product. | manuals, web pages, marketing materials, and interviews about the product. | ||
Specifically, the seller must use the term "GNU/Linux" for any reference to an entire | Specifically, the seller must use the term "GNU/Linux" for any reference to an entire | ||
− | operating system which includes GNU and Linux, not "Linux" or " | + | operating system which includes GNU and Linux, and not mislead with "Linux" or "Linux-based system" |
− | or "a system with the Linux kernel" | + | or "a system with the Linux kernel." And the seller must talk about "free software" more prominently than "open source." |
− | prominently than "open source." | ||
− | + | === Termination === | |
Failing to meet these requirements at any point can result in immediate revocation of the | Failing to meet these requirements at any point can result in immediate revocation of the | ||
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products already packaged. | products already packaged. | ||
− | + | == What comes with an FSF endorsement? == | |
An FSF endorsement tells customers that your product respects their freedom: the user | An FSF endorsement tells customers that your product respects their freedom: the user | ||
can change the device as much as you can, and they can do it with free software, and | can change the device as much as you can, and they can do it with free software, and | ||
they'll be able to do all this without fear of running afoul of your patents or similar legal | they'll be able to do all this without fear of running afoul of your patents or similar legal | ||
− | threats. Backed by the FSF's | + | threats. Backed by the FSF's rock solid commitment to software freedom and users' |
rights, an endorsement tells the world that this is a product they can trust completely to | rights, an endorsement tells the world that this is a product they can trust completely to | ||
work for them. | work for them. | ||
− | The exact methods we use to advertise an endorsement are negotiated on a | + | The exact methods we use to advertise an endorsement are negotiated on a case-by-case |
basis, depending on your own marketing needs, what's appropriate for the specific | basis, depending on your own marketing needs, what's appropriate for the specific | ||
product being endorsed, and other factors. The following arrangements can all be | product being endorsed, and other factors. The following arrangements can all be | ||
discussed: | discussed: | ||
− | * An endorsement badge you can display on your product's packaging, marketing, | + | * An endorsement badge you can display on your product's packaging, marketing, and other materials |
− | and other materials | + | * Use of the FSF name in your press releases and advertising, including quotes from FSF executives |
− | * Use of the FSF name in your press releases and advertising, including quotes from | + | * Publication of a press release through the FSF's own channels, either jointly with your own or separately |
− | FSF executives | ||
− | * Publication of a press release through the FSF's own channels, either jointly with | ||
− | your own or separately | ||
− | + | == How do I proceed with having my product endorsed by the FSF? == | |
− | Please review this document | + | Please review this document. If you are confident that your product meets the specification, please contact us: |
− | are confident that your product meets the specification, please contact us: | ||
FSF Free Software Licensing and Compliance Lab, | FSF Free Software Licensing and Compliance Lab, | ||
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Telephone: +1 (617) 542 5942 x18 | Telephone: +1 (617) 542 5942 x18 | ||
See http://www.fsf.org/licensing for more information. | See http://www.fsf.org/licensing for more information. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{featured resource|month=October|year=2010}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Hardware]] |
Revision as of 02:19, 25 April 2015
This is a development version of our hardware endorsement criteria. Please make suggestions on the discussion page. The official stable version lives on the FSF's site.
Contents
-
1 Policy on Computer Product Endorsements
- 1.1 Respects Your Freedom
-
1.2 Conditions for endorsement
- 1.2.1 Always 100% free software
- 1.2.2 User installation of modified software
- 1.2.3 Compilation
- 1.2.4 Connection to non-free software products
- 1.2.5 Software for building, installation and maintenance
- 1.2.6 No spying
- 1.2.7 Confusion with other products
- 1.2.8 Formats
- 1.2.9 Patents
- 1.2.10 Documentation
- 1.2.11 Incompatible endorsements
- 1.2.12 Cooperation with FSF and GNU public relations
- 1.2.13 Termination
- 1.3 What comes with an FSF endorsement?
- 1.4 How do I proceed with having my product endorsed by the FSF?
Policy on Computer Product Endorsements
Respects Your Freedom
This policy document seeks to cover criteria for all aspects of user interaction with and control of a device: the hardware must run free software on every layer that is user upgradeable, allow the user to modify that software, support free data formats, be fully usable with free tools, and more.
The FSF welcomes feedback on the discussion page for this document, including suggestions for improvements to the criteria, as well as ideas and art submissions for an endorsement mark.
If you haven't already, please read the press release introducing this document at <http://www.fsf.org/news/endorsement-criteria>.
Conditions for endorsement
These are the policy criteria for the FSF to endorse a product for its Certification Mark License Agreement. FSF asserts its right to exercise full control over the use of the Certification Mark in commerce in accordance to the criteria laid out in this policy document. Please read our Press Release <http://www.fsf.org/news/endorsement-criteria>.
Always 100% free software
Our endorsement is strictly conditioned on the seller's discharge of its commitment to ensure that all product software will always be free software. This applies to all software that the seller includes in the product, or provides with the product, or recommends for use in conjunction with the product, or steers users towards installation in the product, except for certain microcode and firmware.
The exception applies to auxiliary processors or low-level processors, none of whose software is meant to be installed or changed by the user or by the seller. This can include, for instance, microcode inside a processor, firmware built into an I/O device, or code compiled into an FPGA. The software in such auxiliary and low-level processors does not count as product software.
We want users to be able to upgrade and control the software at as many levels as possible. If and when free software becomes available for use on a certain auxiliary processor, we will expect endorsed products to adopt it within a reasonable period of time. This can be done in the next model of the product, if there is a new model within a reasonable period of time. If this is not done, we will eventually withdraw the endorsement.
By way of explanation, a general-purpose facility for installing other programs, with which the choice of programs to install comes directly from the user, is not considered to steer users toward anything in particular. However, if the facility typically suggests installation particular programs, then it steers users towards those programs. All software, barring exceptions previously noted, must be licensed under an FSF recognized free software license. We maintain a license list <http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses/> that classifies common free and nonfree software licenses. It is not complete; if you are interested in an endorsement, we would be happy to review the licenses of your product software and advise you on whether or not they are free software licenses.
User installation of modified software
The seller must give the user, along with the product software source code, the practical capability to install replacement software for any and all of the free software in the device. This means the product must have the requisite facilities to install software in the processors that run free software, and include adequate and sufficient documentation on how to use them.
edit: Just to be specific, this should require that the manufacturer not cripple the ability of the user to modify memory locations on the device. Specifically, the use of e-fuses for locking (really permanently damaging) jtag circuits, or purposely disabling write abilities on flash / eeprom memory.
Compilation
In addition to being free, all the product software must be buildable using 100% free software that's released to the public, on a 100% free operating system that is released to the public. In other words, a user should be able to rebuild all the product software, and replace everything on the programmable levels, using only readily available free software. The product must say (briefly) where to get the necessary build software. If some of this build software is included in an FSF-endorsed 100%-free GNU/Linux distro (see our list <http://www.gnu.org/links/#FreeGNULinuxDistributions>), giving the name and URL of that distro suffices for the build software included in it.
Connection to non-free software products
All the software needed for the user to fully use and administer the product, and to get full use of all its features, must be free.
Software for building, installation and maintenance
The programs needed to build, install and manage the product software must be released as free software. It is not required that they be capable of running on the product, but if they cannot, they should be able to run on most modern GNU/Linux systems.
No spying
The product must not transmit or make available to anyone other than the owner any information about the owner's or the product's identity, location or activity except (1) when the owner asks to do so, (2) when inevitable due to communication protocols used, or (3) when required by law. If case 3 applies, the product should come with prominent warning plus a URL for where to obtain more information.
Confusion with other products
To prevent confusion among customers about exactly what product has been endorsed, any other products offered by the seller, which are not endorsed by the FSF, must be easily distinguishable from endorsed products: their names must not be similar and their packaging must also not be similar.
Formats
Encumbered formats are those whose implementation is impeded by patents, interface copyrights or other restrictions. If the device supports encumbered formats, it must also support free formats that serve the same purpose.
For instance, MP3 is an encumbered format, because several organizations actively work to get patent royalties from players. Its purpose is to serve as a lossy audio encoding format, providing a reasonable tradeoff between sound quality and disk space. Ogg Vorbis is an unencumbered format and serves the same purpose, so we are willing to endorse Digital Audio Players (DAP) that play MP3 and Ogg Vorbis files. However, while the Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC) is unencumbered, it does not serve the same purpose as these other formats; instead, it opts to provide perfect sound reproduction at the cost of much more disk space. Thus, we cannot endorse a DAP that only supports MP3 and FLAC files.
The device may support formats that are hampered by Digital Restrictions Management (DRM), but it can only use free software to do so. This means that users will be able to change that software and thus eliminate the restrictions.
Patents
Any software patents the seller owns, that cover any aspect of the product software or its operation, must be licensed to all users of any version of the software, in a way consistent with use and redistribution of that software as free software. Likewise for any patents that the company has obtained licenses to use in the product software.
Documentation
Generally useful technical documentation about the product, such as user or developer manuals, must be released under a free license.
Incompatible endorsements
Any product-related materials that mention the FSF endorsement must not also carry endorsements or badges related to proprietary software, such as "Works with Windows" or "Made for Mac" badges, because these would give an appearance of legitimacy to those products, and may make users think the product requires them. However, we don't object to clear factual statements informing the user that the product also works with specific proprietary operating systems.
Cooperation with FSF and GNU public relations
The seller must use FSF approved terminology for the FSF's activities and work, in all statements and publications relating to the product. This includes product packaging, and manuals, web pages, marketing materials, and interviews about the product. Specifically, the seller must use the term "GNU/Linux" for any reference to an entire operating system which includes GNU and Linux, and not mislead with "Linux" or "Linux-based system" or "a system with the Linux kernel." And the seller must talk about "free software" more prominently than "open source."
Termination
Failing to meet these requirements at any point can result in immediate revocation of the endorsement. However, if the failure was unintentional we will look for a way to resolve the problem amicably by bringing the product into compliance with these terms. Either party can terminate this endorsement relationship at any time. Termination of the endorsement relationship does not require removing endorsement statements from products already packaged.
What comes with an FSF endorsement?
An FSF endorsement tells customers that your product respects their freedom: the user can change the device as much as you can, and they can do it with free software, and they'll be able to do all this without fear of running afoul of your patents or similar legal threats. Backed by the FSF's rock solid commitment to software freedom and users' rights, an endorsement tells the world that this is a product they can trust completely to work for them.
The exact methods we use to advertise an endorsement are negotiated on a case-by-case basis, depending on your own marketing needs, what's appropriate for the specific product being endorsed, and other factors. The following arrangements can all be discussed:
- An endorsement badge you can display on your product's packaging, marketing, and other materials
- Use of the FSF name in your press releases and advertising, including quotes from FSF executives
- Publication of a press release through the FSF's own channels, either jointly with your own or separately
How do I proceed with having my product endorsed by the FSF?
Please review this document. If you are confident that your product meets the specification, please contact us:
FSF Free Software Licensing and Compliance Lab, 51 Franklin Street 5th Floor Boston MA 02110 Email: licensing@fsf.org Telephone: +1 (617) 542 5942 x18 See http://www.fsf.org/licensing for more information.
This page was a featured resource in October 2010.