Group: Hardware/Restrictions/Mini PCIe slot restrictions on wireless cards

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(Possible solutions)
(Possible solutions)
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* Modifying the WiFi card to use other identifiers, and then tell the Linux kernel about it, so the correct driver is loaded. So far this was only done for Intel WiFi cards that don't work without a nonfree firmware.
 
* Modifying the WiFi card to use other identifiers, and then tell the Linux kernel about it, so the correct driver is loaded. So far this was only done for Intel WiFi cards that don't work without a nonfree firmware.
 
* Doing hardware modification to the WiFi card to prevent the boot software from seeing it. This doesn't always work either.
 
* Doing hardware modification to the WiFi card to prevent the boot software from seeing it. This doesn't always work either.
 +
 +
This restriction however doesn't prevent to use external WiFi cards.
  
 
Here the best solution is simply to choose a laptop with a free boot software which typically do not implement such restrictions.
 
Here the best solution is simply to choose a laptop with a free boot software which typically do not implement such restrictions.

Revision as of 21:08, 22 January 2019

Description of the issue

Several laptop manufacturers (including Dell, HP, IBM, Lenovo and Toshiba) restrict which internal WiFi cards can be used. The official excuse for this behavior is the regulation of the wireless spectrum by FCC and other national organizations.

Why is it even possible to do that ?

It is technically possible to do it because the boot software they use is nonfree, and internal WiFi cards usually have vendor and product code that enables software to identify them. The vendor and product codes are for instance used in the Linux kernel to use the right driver for the card.

So here, at boot, the nonfree boot software (BIOS, EFI, UEFI) checks if the WiFi card that is installed inside the laptop is in a whitelist of "authorized" cards, which is also located in that nonfree boot software. If the card is not in the list, the boot software will simply refuse to boot and show a scary boot message.

For instance on a Thinkpad X60 with the stock proprietary boot software it prints:

ERROR
1802: Unauthorized network card is plugged in - Power off and remove the miniPCI network card.

Some laptop will even refuse to boot if you don't have a WiFi card plugged in.

Here are some non exhaustive examples:

Brand and Model Software Restriction
Thinkpad X60 Stock nonfree BIOS The boot software refuses to boot if the internal mPCIe WiFi card is not in the whitelist
HP Envy 15 Stock nonfree BIOS The boot software refuses to boot with a non-whitelisted card or if the card is removed

Possible solutions

As the whitelist and the code that implement such behavior is in the nonfree boot software, several workaround exists such as:

  • Installing modifications to the nonfree boot software to remove the limitation. This is usually risky and not available for all laptops.
  • Modifying the WiFi card to use other identifiers, and then tell the Linux kernel about it, so the correct driver is loaded. So far this was only done for Intel WiFi cards that don't work without a nonfree firmware.
  • Doing hardware modification to the WiFi card to prevent the boot software from seeing it. This doesn't always work either.

This restriction however doesn't prevent to use external WiFi cards.

Here the best solution is simply to choose a laptop with a free boot software which typically do not implement such restrictions.

Here is some more information on free boot software:

External links