Group: Hardware/Computers/Laptops/Freeable laptops/Hercules eCAFE

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(Booting: add instruction for flashing the bootloader on the (micro)SD, fixed typo with microSD instead of SD)
(Installing parabola on an SD card: remove duplicated rootwait)
(8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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There is also a device tree available but it needs to be upstreamed in Linux.
 
There is also a device tree available but it needs to be upstreamed in Linux.
  
Once that will be upstreamed, it will be possible to use them with only free software, with u-boot and Parabola, but it will still have some [https://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/single-board-computers serious flaws] as important features like the 3D acceleration and accelerated video decoding will still be missing.
+
Once that will be upstreamed, it will be possible to use them with only free software, with u-boot and Parabola, but it will still have some [https://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/single-board-computers serious flaws] as important features like the WiFi and accelerated video decoding will still be missing.
 +
 
 +
The 3D acceleration may or may not work and it would be really interesting to test it, as it might tell if that GPU (adreno) can work with only free software or not:
 +
* I.MX51 and I.MX53 can use the adreno driver
 +
* That driver has nonfree firmware but the DRM rendering node still appears in Parabola without the fimrware.
  
 
== Source code ==
 
== Source code ==
Line 40: Line 44:
  
 
== Booting ==
 
== Booting ==
 +
To boot you need:
 +
* To install a bootloader on a microSD, the internal eMMC, or to load it through USB
 +
* To install Parabola (or another FSDG distribution) on a (micro)SD card.
 +
 +
=== hardware information ===
 
* The SD slot that is used during boot is located on the side of the laptop.
 
* The SD slot that is used during boot is located on the side of the laptop.
 
* The switch to boot on the SD changes the bootorder and makes the bootrom loads the bootloader from the SD slot that is on the side. This has been verified by looking at the serial port logs. It's also documented in the recovery manual.
 
* The switch to boot on the SD changes the bootorder and makes the bootrom loads the bootloader from the SD slot that is on the side. This has been verified by looking at the serial port logs. It's also documented in the recovery manual.
* There are some recovery images that can probably be obtained through archive.org (TODO: add a link to them)
 
** The boot arguments of the recovery images can easily be altered with vbindiff by looking for ttymxc and altering the default built-in u-boot environement
 
** TODO: Find a way to alter the variable environment instead (the built-in environment has a limited size)
 
  
To boot with Parabola on a SD (or microSD with a microSD<->SD adapter):
+
=== Installing parabola on an SD card ===
* Install Parabola on a SD/microSD with only one ext4 partition
+
To install Parabola on a SD (or microSD with a microSD<->SD adapter):
 
* Make sure that the microSD to SD card adapter/SD card switch isn't set to write protect
 
* Make sure that the microSD to SD card adapter/SD card switch isn't set to write protect
 +
* Install Parabola ARM on a SD/microSD as usual with only one ext4 partition
 +
 +
Then u-boot will boot on the SD/microsd. It will look for the following files:
 +
* /boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf which must contains an extlinux configuration file
 +
* /boot/dtbs/linux-libre/mx5-mx51_na04.dtb which must contain the dtb (the location needs to be fixed to be /boot/dtbs/linux-libre/mx51_na04.dtb instead).
 +
 +
To compile mx5-mx51_na04.dtb you can use the following repository: https://framagit.org/GNUtoo/dts/-/tree/hercules-ecafe/v5.1-dts-raw
 +
 +
As for the extlinux.conf, beside adding console=ttymxc0,115200 the rest is pretty much standard and the documentation about it can be found in the Parabola ARM installation instructions on the Parabola wiki. Here's an example:
 +
menu title Welcome to U-Boot with Extlinux support!
 +
 +
timeout 1
 +
 +
label Parabola GNU/Linux-libre, linux-libre kernel
 +
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-linux-libre
 +
append rootwait loglevel=8 rw console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p1
 +
fdtdir /boot/dtbs/linux-libre
 +
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-libre.img
 +
 +
=== Building u-boot ===
 
* Build a dirty fork of u-boot for this devices from https://framagit.org/GNUtoo/u-boot/-/tree/gnutoo/hercules-ecafe/u-boot-v2019.01-dirty
 
* Build a dirty fork of u-boot for this devices from https://framagit.org/GNUtoo/u-boot/-/tree/gnutoo/hercules-ecafe/u-boot-v2019.01-dirty
  
To boot u-boot from USB:
+
=== Adding u-boot to an SD card ===
* Make sure that the switch is set to boot on the external SD and that there are no bootloaders on the microSD/SD
 
* Open the screen (it can't boot otherwise)
 
* plug the power
 
* Start pressing the power button
 
* run sudo imx_usb ./u-boot.imx
 
 
 
 
To boot u-boot from the microSD/SD
 
To boot u-boot from the microSD/SD
 +
* Make sure that the microSD to SD card adapter/SD card switch isn't set to write protect
 
* Install u-boot on the microSD/SD:
 
* Install u-boot on the microSD/SD:
dd if=u-boot.imx of=/dev/sdc bs=512 seek=2 conv=fsync
+
  dd if=u-boot.imx of=/dev/sdc bs=512 seek=2 conv=fsync
 
* Make sure that the switch is set to boot on the external SD slot
 
* Make sure that the switch is set to boot on the external SD slot
 
* Open the screen (it can't boot otherwise)
 
* Open the screen (it can't boot otherwise)
 
* plug the power
 
* plug the power
 +
* Put the microSD inside
 +
* Press the power button
  
Then u-boot will boot on the SD/microsd. It will look for the following files:
+
=== Loading u-boot from USB ===
* /boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf which must contains an extlinux configuration file
+
Alternatively, you can also just load the bootloader from USB.
* /boot/dtbs/linux-libre/mx5-mx51_na04.dtb which must contain the dtb (the location needs to be fixed to be /boot/dtbs/linux-libre/mx51_na04.dtb instead).
 
  
To compile mx5-mx51_na04.dtb you can use the following repository: https://framagit.org/GNUtoo/dts/-/tree/hercules-ecafe/v5.1-dts-raw
+
To do that:
 +
* Make sure that the switch is set to boot on the external SD and that there are no bootloaders on the microSD/SD
 +
* Open the screen (it can't boot otherwise)
 +
* plug the power
 +
* Start pressing the power button
 +
* Connect an USB cable between the eCafe and another computer
 +
* From another computer, run sudo imx_usb ./u-boot.imx
  
As for the extlinux.conf, beside adding console=ttymxc0,115200 the rest is pretty much standard and the documentation about it can be found in the Parabola ARM installation instructions on the Parabola wiki.
+
=== During boot ===
  
 
At boot the display will be black most of the time, so if you don't have an UART soldered it will not be very fun to debug.
 
At boot the display will be black most of the time, so if you don't have an UART soldered it will not be very fun to debug.

Revision as of 09:45, 6 October 2020

Introduction

Hercules made the following laptops with an I.MX51 ARM system on a chip:

  • eCAFE EX HD
  • eCAFE slim HD

Here are some more information on the hardware:

  • 512M of RAM which is soldered. It's also probably the maximum ammount of RAM supported by the I.MX51.
  • There is an USB OTG port
  • The device is capable of booting from an SD card
  • The device has a glossy display (glossy displays are dangerous for the health)
  • The eCAFE EX HD has an HDMI port, which enables to use an external display that is not glossy.

They ship with u-boot, and more recent u-boot versions have been maintained by the free software and open source communities. There is also a device tree available but it needs to be upstreamed in Linux.

Once that will be upstreamed, it will be possible to use them with only free software, with u-boot and Parabola, but it will still have some serious flaws as important features like the WiFi and accelerated video decoding will still be missing.

The 3D acceleration may or may not work and it would be really interesting to test it, as it might tell if that GPU (adreno) can work with only free software or not:

  • I.MX51 and I.MX53 can use the adreno driver
  • That driver has nonfree firmware but the DRM rendering node still appears in Parabola without the fimrware.

Source code

Some patches for Linux (including the dts) and u-boot did exist as part of meta-teapot.

Hardware documentation

UART

There is an unpopulated connector for the serial port with UART1 being written under it.

There is an arrow on the left of the connector. Here's the pinout.

> [?][TX?][][][RX][GND][GND][GND]

The MAX3232 that is nearby most probably provides the 5V voltage compatible with common USB serial port adapters.

Status:

  • RX works (115200 8N1 at boot => We can see u-boot logs)
  • TX unknown

JTAG

There is an unpopulated connector with "JTAG" being written on it. I didn't test it.

Booting

To boot you need:

  • To install a bootloader on a microSD, the internal eMMC, or to load it through USB
  • To install Parabola (or another FSDG distribution) on a (micro)SD card.

hardware information

  • The SD slot that is used during boot is located on the side of the laptop.
  • The switch to boot on the SD changes the bootorder and makes the bootrom loads the bootloader from the SD slot that is on the side. This has been verified by looking at the serial port logs. It's also documented in the recovery manual.

Installing parabola on an SD card

To install Parabola on a SD (or microSD with a microSD<->SD adapter):

  • Make sure that the microSD to SD card adapter/SD card switch isn't set to write protect
  • Install Parabola ARM on a SD/microSD as usual with only one ext4 partition

Then u-boot will boot on the SD/microsd. It will look for the following files:

  • /boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf which must contains an extlinux configuration file
  • /boot/dtbs/linux-libre/mx5-mx51_na04.dtb which must contain the dtb (the location needs to be fixed to be /boot/dtbs/linux-libre/mx51_na04.dtb instead).

To compile mx5-mx51_na04.dtb you can use the following repository: https://framagit.org/GNUtoo/dts/-/tree/hercules-ecafe/v5.1-dts-raw

As for the extlinux.conf, beside adding console=ttymxc0,115200 the rest is pretty much standard and the documentation about it can be found in the Parabola ARM installation instructions on the Parabola wiki. Here's an example:

menu title Welcome to U-Boot with Extlinux support!

timeout 1

label Parabola GNU/Linux-libre, linux-libre kernel
	kernel /boot/vmlinuz-linux-libre
	append rootwait loglevel=8 rw console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p1
	fdtdir /boot/dtbs/linux-libre
	initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-libre.img

Building u-boot

Adding u-boot to an SD card

To boot u-boot from the microSD/SD

  • Make sure that the microSD to SD card adapter/SD card switch isn't set to write protect
  • Install u-boot on the microSD/SD:
 dd if=u-boot.imx of=/dev/sdc bs=512 seek=2 conv=fsync
  • Make sure that the switch is set to boot on the external SD slot
  • Open the screen (it can't boot otherwise)
  • plug the power
  • Put the microSD inside
  • Press the power button

Loading u-boot from USB

Alternatively, you can also just load the bootloader from USB.

To do that:

  • Make sure that the switch is set to boot on the external SD and that there are no bootloaders on the microSD/SD
  • Open the screen (it can't boot otherwise)
  • plug the power
  • Start pressing the power button
  • Connect an USB cable between the eCafe and another computer
  • From another computer, run sudo imx_usb ./u-boot.imx

During boot

At boot the display will be black most of the time, so if you don't have an UART soldered it will not be very fun to debug.

See also the boot log for details on the kernel version and for understanding what works or doesn't work.

Status:

  • Ethernet works
  • HDMI doesn't work
  • Keyboard, touchpad, display work, eMMC, USB host work
  • Sound, usb otg, webcam untested
  • WiFi don't work with free software due to nonfree firmware lacking a free firmware replacement

TODO

  • Find a proper header for the Serial connector I soldered a cable instead. The cable went through the microSD slot that is on the bottom of the laptop.
  • Find a way to change the u-boot environement
  • Boot Parabola:
  • Upstream the Linux dts
  • Upstream u-boot support (and make use of the Linux dts for that)
  • Add support for that device in Parabola by also packaging u-boot for that device.