Group:Manchester/FAQ

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions with Answers

Questions we get asked and the answers we give.

How can I get help with Free Software?

One simple but effective way to get help is use a web search engine to find the answer, see the choice from the Wikipedia list of search engines.

If you have an error message, text output, or message then:

1. Copy & paste in the error message, text output, or message you are given into the search box.
2. Surround this in quotes.
3. Perhaps add an extra word or two to help give the search some context.
4. Search.

An example is that someone was running Ubuntu and trying to setup their printer. It told them to 'Run HP Set-Up from the Console' and they didn't know what to do. Using the above method gets a search of:

'Run HP Set-Up from the Console' ubuntu

This finds the Ubuntu help page on it.

If you are just trying to find something out (but don't have an error message, text output, or message) then you need think of the keywords that describe what you are looking for:

1. Type in keywords, making sure to enclose multi-word terms in quotes.
2. Search.

What free software is there for the Microsoft Windows OS?

The OpenDisc, "is a high quality collection of open source software (OSS) for the Microsoft Windows operating system.". Their ideals differ from ours, they don't believe in paying for software. But they have a good list of programs, divided in sections of design, games, internet, Multimedia, productivity and utilities.

Open Source Windows, "A simple list of free, open-source software for Windows.".

The FSF have a page, Free Software replacements for proprietary applications on the Microsoft Windows OS.

Cygwin describes itself as "a Linux-like environment for Windows.". It basically gives you the power of a GNU/POSIX system on Windows. It has a package management system with large repository of software.

Evince, which "is simply a document viewer" has just been released for Microsoft Windows. The Windows Installer is available from the Evince Downloads page. Evince can view PDFs and PS (PostScript) files.

• MFS personal recommendations
  • Web browsing - Firefox
  • Email - Thunderbird
  • Media Player - VLC
  • GNU system - Cygwin

How do I make CD from this distro ISO file?

So you have downloaded a ".iso" file for a distribution you want to install and you want to know how to make a CD of it. Simply copying it to a CD, like you would any other file, won't work. Instead you need to burn the ISO as an "image".

If you are running a free software system then you no doubt have software to write ISOs such as Brasero or k3b. When using them select Burn Image, Burn ISO, or similar.

If you are running Windows then consider installing InfraRecorder (it's free software) and/or look at Debian's How do I record a CD-R under Windows?.

If you are running MacOS then look at Debian's How do I record a CD-R under Mac OS?.

How can you make money from free software?

The purpose of a free software licence is to give the user freedom. It is not about giving away software at zero price. It is not about not making money.

• 101 Ways to Make Money off Open Source. Some ideas for making money, though many of them are not freedom loving. Posted by David Kaufman to the FSB mailing list.
• How To Get Paid For Copyleft Art. Some/all can be translated to software. Posted by Dave Crossland to the FSB mailing list.

What is the difference between free software and open source software?

In terms of software licences and licensed software the differences are small. The amount of software (and licences) that are only one or the other is tiny.

The difference comes from the motivation. Open Source advocates talk about how this software development methodology results in development being quicker, better and less buggy. Free Software advocates talk about user freedom. We summarise this as "Open Source is software development methodology, Free Software is a philosophical idea." and believe that Open Source misses the point.

What is the UK Government doing with free software?

OpenSourceGov, "This site has been created to support the UK government's open source strategy and action plan."

What free software is there for animation?

• Blender, "3D content creation suite" - "model • shade • animate • render • composite • interactive 3d"
• Synfig, "powerful, industrial-strength vector-based open-source 2D animation"
• Pencil, "lets you create traditional hand-drawn animation (cartoon) using both bitmap and vector graphics."
• Stopmotion, is "for creating stop-motion animation movies."
• GIMP-GAP, "the GIMP Animation Package, is a collection of plug-ins to extend GIMP 2.6 and above with capabilities to edit and create animations as sequences of single frames."
• FFmpeg is a complete, cross-platform solution to record, convert and stream audio and video.
• WinFF, "is a GUI for the command line video converter, FFMPEG."
• MPlayer (and MEncoder), video player (and encoder) that can do many, many formats.
• DeVeDe, "is a program to create video DVDs and CDs (VCD, sVCD or CVD), suitables for home players, from any number of video files, in any of the formats supported by Mplayer."
• Nip2, "aims to be about halfway between Excel and Photoshop. You don't directly edit images --- instead, like a spreadsheet, you build relationships between objects."
• xawdecode/XdTV, "allows you to watch, record & stream TV."
• HandBrake, "multiplatform, multithreaded video transcoder."
• Kdenlive, "an intuitive and powerful multi-track video editor, including most recent video technologies."
• Cinelerra, "is the most advanced non-linear video editor and compositor for Linux."
• Avidemux, "is a free video editor designed for simple cutting, filtering and encoding tasks."
• Cinepaint, "is a deep paint image retouching tool that supports higher color fidelity than ordinary painting tools." (Possibly dead upstream)

What is the Debian-Ubuntu relationship?

A very good insight into the Debian-Ubuntu relationship is the talk "Collaboration with Ubuntu: from the Debian point of view" by Stefano Zacchiroli (the current (April 2010 - April 2011) Debian Project Leader given at Ubuntu Developer Summit - M on 13 May 2010.

• Slides: http://upsilon.cc/~zack/stuff/debian-uds-m.pdf

Video contains "Collaboration with Ubuntu: from the Debian point of view" plus another talk called "What's this bit do? Ghosts of the plumbing layer; past, present and future".

• Video Low Quality (33M) http://video.ubuntu.com/uds/maverick/Plenary-Thursday-low.ogv
• Video High Quality (242M): http://video.ubuntu.com/uds/maverick/Plenary-Thursday-high.ogv

How can I help with Free Software?

One way is by Beta testing Free Software applications such as Firefox Beta and LibreOffice.

How can I set up an LTSP cluster?

See our notes on setting up an LTSP cluster.

What portable players are there for Ogg?

See PlayOgg which contains a link to a List of portable players that support Ogg formats.

Is Debian a good Free Software choice?

MFS believes Debian a good Free Software choice, but the FSF's officially stated position is that it is not, see the FSF's - Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems:

It recommends using non-free software such as suggesting what non-free firmware to load or making non-free repositories easily available. (Drugs are not good but if you want them, here they are.)

MFS holds that Debian a good Free Software choice because:

• The installer for Debian is completely free software.
• The Debian installer installs a completely free software system including the kernel.
• The Debian installer installed system is configured to only use the 'main' repository, the completely free software repository.
• Debian has a "Social Contract" with the Free Software Community.

All this means if you want to use a completely free software system then Debian is good choice.

We dispute some statements about Debian in the FSF's - Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems:

• The article states that "users would be hard-pressed to make a distinction" between the repositories containing non-free software from those only free software. We don't think that the user would be hard-pressed to make the distinction. Only 'main' is configured on install and the user has to alter their sources to include other repositories. The default graphical program for altering sources is "Software Sources" and uses the following description:

[ ] Officially supported (main)
[ ] DFSG-compatible Software with Non-Free Dependencies (contrib)
[ ] Non-DFSG-compatible Software (non-free)

• The article also states that people can learn about non-free software "browsing Debian's online package database". In the online package database search, packages that are non-free software, or would cause non-free software to be installed, are labelled as non-free, or contrib, with a link to explain about them. Using the normal methods of install (such as apt-get, aptitude, synaptic, Software Centre) these packages won't be displayed or be installable unless the user has manually altered their sources.

We recommend that the FSF alter their entry on Debian to something like:

• 'Debian main' from Squeeze onwards is fairly close to passing the Guidelines for Free System Distributions possibly only falling down on "What would be unacceptable is for the documentation to give people instructions for installing a nonfree program on the system,"

• The Debian installer is free software and configures only the free software repository called 'main'. Using the Debian installer (without supplying any non-free firmware yourself) will result in a completely free software system including the kernel.

• Debian hosts non-free software (non-free) and software that depends non-free software (contrib). A user needs to manually configure these repositories and the system makes it clear that installing software from these will result in the user installing non-free software.

• Debian's main website, wiki and software from 'main' detail non-free software. The use of non-free software is not actively encouraged or promoted.