Group: Hardware/Computers/Single Board Computers/Plug Computers
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| − | Plug Computers are computers that fit in a small form-factor | + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug_computer Plug Computers] are computers that fit in a small form-factor, are power-efficient and do not interact with the user directly through I/O devices such as monitor and keyboard, but are rather controlled remotely. Most of the time, Plug Computers use a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) with an ARM processor, run a GNU/Linux system and are used as domestic servers. |
| − | == Software freedom | + | == Software freedom comparison == |
| − | While some Plug Computers can be used with fully free software running on the main processor, not all of them are perfect. Hence, here is a | + | While some Plug Computers can be used with fully free software running on the main processor, not all of them are perfect. Hence, here is a comparison of different models of Plug Computers and their flaws regarding software freedom. |
| − | + | === Flawless targets === | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | These plug computers can be operated with all the hardware features available, using only free software. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * The Globalscale SheevaPlug can be operated using only free software: | |
| − | + | ** The bootloader is free software and can easily be replaced | |
| − | + | ** The kernel and all the drivers needed are free software | |
| − | + | ** There is no hardware component that requires a non-free loaded firmware | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | === Seriously flawed targets === | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | These plug computers are usable with free software, but important hardware features are not functional. There may be workarounds for these however. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * The Globalscale DreamPlug is flawed as the WiFi and bluetooth hardware require non-free firmwares | |
| − | + | ** The bootloader is free software and can easily be replaced | |
| − | + | ** The kernel and all the drivers needed are free software | |
| − | + | ** WiFi and bluetooth both need a non-free loaded firmware, but the USB ports make it possible to use external WiFi and/or bluetooth dongles that can work with free software (both USB2 ports can provide up to 500mA). You can get a USB wifi device that Respects Your Freedom like [https://www.thinkpenguin.com/gnu-linux/penguin-wireless-n-usb-adapter-gnu-linux-tpe-n150usb ThinkPenguin TPEN150USB] or [https://tehnoetic.com/tehnoetic-wireless-adapter-gnu-linux-libre-tet-n150 Tehnoetic TETN150] and use that. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | == Free software-compatible hardware features comparison == | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | This table compares plug computers hardware features that work with free software. Hence, it does not mention hardware that requires non-free software to function. | |
{| class="wikitable" border="1" | {| class="wikitable" border="1" | ||
| Line 53: | Line 47: | ||
| 512 Mb | | 512 Mb | ||
| 512 Mb | | 512 Mb | ||
| − | | SD card | + | | SD card |
| 1xUSB2 | | 1xUSB2 | ||
| N/A | | N/A | ||
| Line 66: | Line 60: | ||
| 512 Mb | | 512 Mb | ||
| 4 Gb (µSD card) | | 4 Gb (µSD card) | ||
| − | | e-SATA | + | | e-SATA, SD card |
| 2xUSB2 | | 2xUSB2 | ||
| N/A | | N/A | ||
| − | | | + | | 2x10/100/1000 |
| − | | | + | | {{no}} |
| − | | | + | | {{no}} |
|} | |} | ||
| − | == Software features | + | == Software features comparison == |
| + | |||
| + | Currently, the best way to run fully free software on these plug computers is to use Debian with the matching ARM architecture. However, the situation with Debian is not good enough[http://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Debian] for freedom, since Debian hosts a repository of non-free software and encourages their use through the packages web interface and the Debian wiki. Hence, it does not meet the requirements for Free System Distributions[http://www.gnu.org/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The FreedomBox software[http://freedomboxfoundation.org/] is based upon Debian and comes with the same issues as Debian, mentioned above. | ||
{| class="wikitable" border="1" | {| class="wikitable" border="1" | ||
! Name | ! Name | ||
! Manufacturer | ! Manufacturer | ||
| − | + | ! Architecture | |
| − | + | ! Bootloader | |
| − | + | ! Kernel | |
| − | + | ! GNU/Linux | |
|- | |- | ||
! SheevaPlug | ! SheevaPlug | ||
! Globalscale | ! Globalscale | ||
| ARMv5/armel | | ARMv5/armel | ||
| − | | Upstream U-Boot | + | | Upstream U-Boot support |
| − | | Upstream Linux | + | | Upstream Linux support |
| − | | | + | | Official Debian support |
|- | |- | ||
! Dreamplug | ! Dreamplug | ||
! Globalscale | ! Globalscale | ||
| ARMv5/armel | | ARMv5/armel | ||
| − | | Upstream U-Boot | + | | Upstream U-Boot support |
| − | | Upstream Linux | + | | Upstream Linux support |
| − | | | + | | Official Debian support |
|} | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | See the [[Group:Hardware/FSDG distributions|FSDG distributions page in the Hardware section]] for more details (on the lack of) FSDG distributions support for ARMv5. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Single Board Computers == | ||
| + | |||
| + | In a lot of cases, other ARM computers such as single board computers, with the appropriate case, can be used instead of plug computers. | ||
| + | |||
| + | See the [https://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/single-board-computers FSF article about Single Board Computers] for more details. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Hardware]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:54, 14 March 2023
Plug Computers are computers that fit in a small form-factor, are power-efficient and do not interact with the user directly through I/O devices such as monitor and keyboard, but are rather controlled remotely. Most of the time, Plug Computers use a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) with an ARM processor, run a GNU/Linux system and are used as domestic servers.
Contents
Software freedom comparison
While some Plug Computers can be used with fully free software running on the main processor, not all of them are perfect. Hence, here is a comparison of different models of Plug Computers and their flaws regarding software freedom.
Flawless targets
These plug computers can be operated with all the hardware features available, using only free software.
- The Globalscale SheevaPlug can be operated using only free software:
- The bootloader is free software and can easily be replaced
- The kernel and all the drivers needed are free software
- There is no hardware component that requires a non-free loaded firmware
Seriously flawed targets
These plug computers are usable with free software, but important hardware features are not functional. There may be workarounds for these however.
- The Globalscale DreamPlug is flawed as the WiFi and bluetooth hardware require non-free firmwares
- The bootloader is free software and can easily be replaced
- The kernel and all the drivers needed are free software
- WiFi and bluetooth both need a non-free loaded firmware, but the USB ports make it possible to use external WiFi and/or bluetooth dongles that can work with free software (both USB2 ports can provide up to 500mA). You can get a USB wifi device that Respects Your Freedom like ThinkPenguin TPEN150USB or Tehnoetic TETN150 and use that.
Free software-compatible hardware features comparison
This table compares plug computers hardware features that work with free software. Hence, it does not mention hardware that requires non-free software to function.
| Name | Manufacturer | SoC | CPU frequency | RAM | Internal storage | External storage | USB | PCI | Ethernet | WiFi | Bluetooth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SheevaPlug | Globalscale | Kirkwood 88F6281 | 1.2 Ghz | 512 Mb | 512 Mb | SD card | 1xUSB2 | N/A | 1x10/100/1000 | N/A | N/A |
| DreamPlug | Globalscale | Kirkwood 88F6281 | 1.2 Ghz | 512 Mb | 4 Gb (µSD card) | e-SATA, SD card | 2xUSB2 | N/A | 2x10/100/1000 | No | No |
Software features comparison
Currently, the best way to run fully free software on these plug computers is to use Debian with the matching ARM architecture. However, the situation with Debian is not good enough[1] for freedom, since Debian hosts a repository of non-free software and encourages their use through the packages web interface and the Debian wiki. Hence, it does not meet the requirements for Free System Distributions[2].
The FreedomBox software[3] is based upon Debian and comes with the same issues as Debian, mentioned above.
| Name | Manufacturer | Architecture | Bootloader | Kernel | GNU/Linux |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SheevaPlug | Globalscale | ARMv5/armel | Upstream U-Boot support | Upstream Linux support | Official Debian support |
| Dreamplug | Globalscale | ARMv5/armel | Upstream U-Boot support | Upstream Linux support | Official Debian support |
See the FSDG distributions page in the Hardware section for more details (on the lack of) FSDG distributions support for ARMv5.
Single Board Computers
In a lot of cases, other ARM computers such as single board computers, with the appropriate case, can be used instead of plug computers.
See the FSF article about Single Board Computers for more details.
